China’s regional air pollution control is still in a stage of heavy pollution load and long-term governance. The concentrations of secondary pollutants represented by ozone (O₃) have generally exceeded both national ambient air quality standards and the World Health Organization (WHO) air quality guidelines. The 14th Five-Year Plan proposed the coordinated control of fine particulate matter (PM₂.₅) and ozone (O₃): cutting PM₂.₅ concentrations in prefecture-level and above cities by 10%, effectively curbing the rising trend of O₃ concentrations, and basically eliminating heavy pollution weather.

The prevention and control of ozone-dominated oxidative air pollution in China is still in the initial stage. Unlike haze pollution, ozone pollution features complicated formation mechanisms and poses greater governance challenges. Current ozone monitoring in China mainly relies on single ground-based observation stations, which only reflect limited point data and cannot capture refined vertical spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of ozone aloft. Such monitoring methods fail to support effective observation for analyzing air pollution processes and conducting pollution source tracing.